BALUTAN KONFUSIANISME DALAM MANUVER GEOSTRATEGI TIONGKOK DI KEPULAUAN SOLOMON MELALUI BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE PADA TAHUN 2019-2022
Main Article Content
Almasiva Tirta Maedy
Wishnu Mahendra Wiswayana
This article investigates China's geostrategy in the Solomon Islands using a Relational Theory approach developed by Yaqing Qin, which is heavily inspired by Confucian community values. Unlike Western-dominated theory and approaches to geostrategy, China pursues its geostrategy by widening the circle of interactions and deepening their intimacy with other countries across the world. Therefore, relational strength becomes the primary means of China's power projection, as expressed in an inclusive and equitable economic and development strategy. This article focuses on the critical role of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a flexible and inclusive geostrategic instrument, emphasizing mutual respect and goal alignment with the Solomon Islands. As a result, the Solomon Islands government believes that formal collaboration with China will improve national legitimacy and sovereignty. Through this relational approach, China has successfully formed an alternative international governance that is based on long-term relationships and mutually beneficial interests rather than domination and expansionist approaches to broadening its geostrategy in other countries or region.
Aditya, M. F., Amin, K., & Paramitha, D. I. (2024). China's Military Engagement in The Pacific Region: Implications For Australia's Defence and National Security Policy. Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 4(2), 63-84.
Anna Powles (2022, June 10) “Five Things We Learned about China’s Ambitions for the Pacific from the Leaked Deal,” The Hongkong Post Five things we learned about China’s ambitions for the Pacific from the leaked deal -
Cai, P. (2017). Understanding China’s belt and road initiative.Lowy Institute For International Policy
China Insight (2018, August 31) “China Insight”. International Department of the CPC Central Comitee. China Insight https://www.idcpc.gov.cn/english2023/dzwk/zgkx/202307/P020230717028554589528.pdf
Cole, Bernard D. (2001). The great wall at sea: China’s navy enters the twenty-first century. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
Connolly, P. (2024). China’s quest for strategic space in the Pacific Islands - Mapping China’s Strategic space. Mapping China’s Strategic Space. The National Bureau of Asian Research. https://strategicspace.nbr.org/chinas-quest-for-strategic-space-in-the-pacific-islands/
Dreher, A., Fuchs, A., Parks, B., Strange, A. M., & Tierney, M. J. (2017). Aid, China, and Growth: Evidence from a New Global Development Finance Dataset (AidData Working Paper #46). Williamsburg, VA: AidData. WPS46_Aid_China_and_Growth.pdf
Eudeline, H and Hung, J.M (2022, July) Influence of The People’s Republic of China in the Pacific Islands. Institute Thomas More. Influence of the People’s Republic of China in the Pacific Islands - Institut Thomas More
Erickson, A. S., & Wuthnow, J. (2016). Barriers, springboards and benchmarks: China conceptualizes the Pacific “Island Chains”. The China Quarterly, 225, 1-22.
FEI, XIAOTONG (2005) “Chaxu Geju (Differential Mode of Association).” In Xiangtu Zhongguo (Folk China), edited by Fei Xiaotong, 29–40. Beijing: Beijing Press.
Fraenkel, J., & Smith, G. (2022). The Solomons-China 2022 security deal: extraterritoriality and the perils of militarisation in the Pacific Islands. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 76(5), 473-485
Global Times. (2022, February 18). Chinese PLA transport aircraft arrives in Solomon Islands with anti-epidemic supplies. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1252588.shtml
Grygiel, J. J. (2007). Great powers and geopolitical change. JHU Press.
Hanson, F. (2022, June 7). Chinese aid to the Pacific: Decreasing, but not disappearing. Lowy Institute. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/chinese-aid-pacific-decreasing-not-disappearing
Hwang, K. K. (1987). Face and favor: The Chinese power game. American journal of Sociology, 92(4), 944-974.
Jennifer Kusapa (2023, December 21). China commits to assisting Solomon Islands. The Islandsun. The Island Sun. https://theislandsun.com.sb/china-commits-to-assisting-solomon-islands/#:~:text=Additionally,%20China%20aims%20to%20promote%20the%20export%20of,Islands%20to%20contribute%20to%20social%20and%20economic%20development
Kabutaulaka, T. (2010). Milking the Dragon in Solomon Islands. In T. Wesley Smith and E.A. Porter (eds), China in Oceania: Reshaping the Pacific? New York: Berghahn Books, 136–50.
Lamont, C., & Boduszynski, M. P. (2020). Research methods in politics and international relations.
LIN,NAN (2001) “Guanxi: A Conceptual Analysis.” In The Chinese Triangle of Mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Comparative Institutional Analysis, edited by Alvin So, Nan Lin, and Dudley Poston, 153–66. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Maudisha (n.d.). Belt and Road Initiative dan Implikasinya Terhadap Tata Ekonomi dan Politik Global. UniversitasIndonesia.https://www.ui.ac.id/belt-and-road-initiative-dan-implikasinya-terhadap-tata-ekonomi-dan-politik-global/
Merics (2018, June 7) Mapping the Belt and Road initiative: this is where we stand. https://merics.org/en/tracker/mapping-belt-and-road-initiative-where-we-stand
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC. (2024, July 12). Xi Jinping meets with Prime Minister of Solomon Islands Jeremiah Manele. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/zyxw/202407/t20240719_11456604.html
Ministry of Public Security of the PRC (2022, January, 6). 中国—所罗门群岛两国共同维护地区和国际安全——访中国公安部副部长孙力华 [China and Solomon Islands joint efforts to maintain regional and international security—Interview with Sun Lihua, Vice Minister of China’s Ministry of Public Security]. https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2255079/n6865805/n7355748/n7355818/c8309548/content.html
Ministry of Rural Development. (2021, November 23). Solomon Islands Ministry of Rural Development clarifies Constituency Development Fund disbursement. Scoop.https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO2111/S00284/solomon-islands-ministry-of-rural-development-clarifies-constituency-development-fund-disbursement.htm
Moleong, L. J., & Surjaman, T. (2014). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif.
Nisbett, R. (2010). The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... and. Simon and Schuster.
Penelope Marbler & Lea Shan (2017). Chinese Investments in Infrastructure Worldwide. Institut De Relations Interationales Et Strategiques (IRIS). https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Asia-Focus-36.pdf
Putt, J., Dinnen, S., Keen, M., & Batley, J. (2018). The RAMSI legacy for policing in the Pacific region. Australia National University.
Qin, Y. (2010) “International Society as a Process: Institutions, Identities, and China’s Peaceful Rise.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3(2): 129–53. Page 133
Qin, Y. (2016) A Relational Theory of World Politics, International Studies Review, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 33–47 https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viv031
Shahna, Y., & Isnarti, R. (2022). Pendekatan Diplomasi Energi Tiongkok Terhadap Venezuela. Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 2(2), 184-199.
Smith, G. (2012). Chinese reactions to anti-Asian riots in the Pacific. The Journal of Pacific History, 47(1), 93-109.
Solomon Island Broadcasting Corporation (2019, January 6). “DCGA launches 100 Days Policy. Sogavare promises” DCGA launches 100 days policy, Sogavare promises - Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC)
Solomon Island Encyclopedia (n.d.). Solomon Islands Encyclopaedia 1893-1978. Solomon Island Encyclopedia https://www.solomonencyclopaedia.net/biogs/E000061b.htm
Solomon Islands Government (2019). Report of the Bi-Partisan Task-Force: Review of Solomon Islands Relations with People’s Republic of China and Republic of China. Honiara: Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
Solomon Islands Government. (2022, July 19). Solomon Islands and China agreed to establish a strategic. Solomon Islands Government. developmentframework.https://solomons.gov.sb/solomon-islands-and-china-agreed-to-establish-a-strategic-development-framework/https://solomons.gov.sb/solomon-islands-and-china-agreed-to-establish-a-strategic-development-framework/
Solomon Islands Government. (2020, April 17). PRC hands $2.5m in cash grant to fight COVID-19. Solomon Islands Government. https://solomons.gov.sb/prc-hands-2-5m-in-cash-grant-to-fight-covid-19/
The State Council of PRC 郑成琼. (2019, October 10). Chinese president meets Solomon Islands PM, pledging closer cooperation. English. Scio, gov. http://english.scio.gov.cn/m/topnews/2019-10/10/content_75286049.htm
The State Council Information Office of the PRC. (2023, October). The Belt and Road Initiative: A key pillar of the global community of shared future. The State Council Information Office of the PRC. http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n101/2023/1010/c124-895.html
Toyama, S. (n.d.). The establishment of diplomatic relations between Solomon Islands and China. Asia-Pacific Institute for Capacity Building. Japan Association for Promotion of International Cooperation. https://www.apic.or.jp/english/articles/article007-eng.html
United Nations. (n.d.). Trade flow data for Solomon Islands, 2018 [Data set]. UN Comtrade Database. (https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=TOTAL&Partners=156&Reporters=90&period=2018&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus )
VornDick, W. (2018, October 22). China’s reach has grown; so should the island chains. CSIS. Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. https://amti.csis.org/chinas-reach-grown-island-chains/
Wang, Y. (2018). Belt and road initiative: mutual connectivity of the world. China and the World, 1(04), 1850023.
World Trade Organization. (2018). Solomon Islands – Trade profile. Retrieved July, 26, 2025, from https://ttd.wto.org/en/profiles/solomon-islands
Yamei (2017, October 24). Full text of resolution on amendment to CPC Constitution - Xinhua http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-10/24/c_136702726.htm)
You, Ji, & You, Xu. (1991). In search of blue water power: The PLA Navy’s maritime strategy in the 1990s. The Pacific Review,4.
